GOBLET MOON: Introduction of Printing Technology

Printing Technology

It is traditionally believed that Johanes Gutenberg of the German city of main, developed European printing Technology around 1439 (5) and in just over a decade, the classical age of printing began, but new research may indicate that it was a more complex evolutionary process spread over multiple location(6). Also, Johan Fust and Peter Schoffer experimented with Gutenberg in Mainz. Genealogically, all modern movable type printing can be tracked back to a single source, Gutenberg’s printing press which he delivered from he design of long known agricultural presses. East Asian style movable type printing, which was based on laborious manual rubbing and which had been scarcely used, practically died out after the introduction of European style printing in the 15^th century.

Gutenberg is also with the introduction of an oil based ink which was more durable than previously used water based inks. Having worked as a professional goldsmith, Gutenberg made skillful use of the knowledge of metals he had learned as a craftsman.
Gutenberg was also the first to make his type from an alloy of lead,in, and antimony which was critical for producing durable type that produced high quality printed books and proved to be more suitable for printing than the clay, wooden or bronze types used in East Asia. To Create these lead types, Gutenberg used what some considered his most ingenious invention, a special matrix where with the molding of new movable types with an unprecedented precision at short notice became feasible. Within a year after his B42, Gutenberg also published the first coloured prints.

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Inventions :

Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press revolutionized communication and book production leading to the spread of knowledge printers, but also by foreign apprentices returning home. A printing press was built in Venice in 1469, and by 1500 the city had 417 printers. In 1470 Johan Heylin set up a printing press in Paris. In 1473 Kasper straube published the Almanach cracoviense and annum 1474 in Aalst(Flanders) in 1473. He printed a book about the two lovers of Enea piccolomini who became pope pius II.
In 1476 a printing press was set up in England by William Caxton. Belarusian Francysk Skaryna printed the first book in Slavic language on August 6,1517. The Italian Juan pablos set up an imported press in Mexico city in 1539. The first printing press in South East Asia was set up in the Philippines by the Spanish in 1593.
Books and newspapers are printed today using the technique of offset lithography. Other common techniques include :

· Flexography used for packaging,labels,newspapers.

· Relief print

· Screen printing from T-shirts to floor tiles

· Rotogravure mainly used for magazines and packaging.

· Inkjet used typically to print a small no. of book or packaging, and also to print a variety of material from high quality papers simulate offset printing, to floor tiles, Inkjet is also used to apply mailing addresses to direct mail pieces.

· Hot wax dye transfer

· Laser printing mainly used in offices, and for transactional printing(bills, bank documents)

· Pad printing for applying a flat image on a curved substrate.

Gravure

Gravure Printing is an intaglio printing technique, where the image to be printed is made up of small depressions in the surface of the printing plate. The cells are filled with ink and excess is scraped off the surface, then a rubber covered roller presses paper on to the surface of the plate and into contact with the ink in the cells. The printing plates are usually made from copper and may be produced by digital engraving or laser etching.

Gravure printing is used for long, high quality print runs such as magazines, mail-order catalogues, packaging, and printing onto fabric and wallpaper. It is also used for printing postage stamps and decorative plastic laminates.

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